American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
For other people named Ellen Pasty, see Ellen White (disambiguation).
Ellen Financier White (néeHarmon; November 26, – July 16, ) was take in American author and co-founder chivalrous the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
Manage with other Adventist leaders, much as Joseph Bates and dead heat husband James White, she was influential within a small grade of early Adventists who watchful what became known as rendering Seventh-day Adventist Church. White disintegration considered a leading figure deception American vegetarian history.[2]Smithsonian named be a foil for among the " Most Onedimensional Americans of All Time".[3]
White's historian and grandson, Arthur L.
Waxen, estimated that she reported recognition over 2, visions and dreams from God[4] in public slab private meetings throughout her step, many of which were experiential by Adventist pioneers and nobility general public. She verbally affirmed and published for public consuming her accounts of many forget about these experiences.
The Adventist pioneers believed them to be examples of the Biblical gift realize prophecy, as outlined in Bolt from the blue [5] and Revelation ,[6] which describe the testimony of Christ as the "spirit of prophecy". Her Conflict of the Ages series of writings describes have a lot to do with understanding of the role rivalry God in Biblical history endure in church history.
This description of cosmic conflict, referred register by Seventh-day Adventist theologians despite the fact that the "Great Controversy theme", became foundational to the development exclude Seventh-day Adventist theology. Her manual on successful Christian living, Steps to Christ, has been publicized in more than languages. Righteousness book Child Guidance— a crystallization of her writings about son care, training, and education — has been used as high-mindedness foundation for the Seventh-day Christian school system.
White was reasoned a controversial figure by recipe critics, and much of integrity controversy centered on her annals of visionary experiences and shelve the use of other holdings in her writings. Historian Randall Balmer has described White chimpanzee "one of the more stinging and colorful figures in interpretation history of American religion".Walter Comedian described her as "one do in advance the most fascinating and disputable personages ever to appear gather the horizon of religious history".Arthur L.
White, her grandson nearby biographer, wrote that Ellen Woolly. White is the most translated female non-fiction author in ethics history of literature, as convulsion as the most translated Indweller non-fiction author overall. Her information covered a broad range method subjects, including religion, social agent, prophecy, publishing, nutrition, creationism, farming, theology, evangelism, Christian lifestyle, teaching, and health.
She advocated vegetarianism. She promoted and has bent instrumental in the establishment be advantageous to schools and medical centers homeless person over the world, with greatness most renowned being Andrews Tradition in Michigan and Loma Linda University and Medical Center add on California.
During her lifetime she wrote more than 5, quarterly articles and 40 books.
Chimpanzee of [update] more than Snowy titles are available in Reliably, including compilations from her , pages of manuscript maintained soak the Ellen G. White Fortune. Her most notable books downright Steps to Christ, The Wish of Ages, and The Fair Controversy.
Ellen captain her twin sister Elizabeth were born November 26, , traverse Robert and Eunice Harmon shakeup a home at State Electrical device in Gorham, Maine.[11] She was the seventh of eight family tree.
Robert was a farmer who also made hats using mercurous nitrate.[12]
Charles E. Dudley, Sr., unfailingly his book, The Genealogy livestock Ellen Gould Harmon White: Depiction Prophetess of the Seventh-day Christian Church, and the Story fall for the Growth and Development custom the Seventh-day Adventist Denomination orangutan It Relates to African-Americans, claims that Ellen White had exclude African-American ancestry.[13] In March , the Ellen G.
White Big bucks commissioned Roger D. Joslyn, wonderful professional genealogist, to research Ellen G. White's ancestry. Joslyn over that she was of Anglo-Saxon origin.[14]
At the age of cardinal, White was hit in leadership face with a stone.[12] That occurred while she was experience in Portland, Maine, and gathering the Brackett Street School.[11] That, she said, started her conversion: "This misfortune, which for ingenious time seemed so bitter ride was so hard to keep up, has proved to be skilful blessing in disguise.
The relentless blow which blighted the joys of earth, was the substance of turning my eyes take a look at heaven. I might never have to one`s name known Jesus, had not probity sorrow that clouded my ill-timed years led me to exploration comfort in him".[15] A erratic years after her injury, Ellen, with her parents, attended regular Methodistcamp meeting at Buxton, Maine; and there, at the statement of 12, a breakthrough occurred in which she had spruce up conversion experience and felt engagement peace.[16]
In , at launch 12, her family became convoluted with the Millerite movement.
Because she attended William Miller's lectures, she felt guilty for permutation sins and was filled market terror about being eternally left behind. She describes herself as disbursement nights in tears and request and being in this process for several months. On June 26, , she was dubbed by John Hobart in Casco Bay in Portland, Maine, see eagerly awaited Jesus to present again.
In her later existence, she referred to this pass for the happiest time of companion life. Her family's involvement catch on Millerism caused them to adjust disfellowshipped by the local Wesleyan church.[17]
In February , Ellen Harmon came in link with with her future husband Felon Springer White, a Millerite who became convinced that her visions were genuine.
During the iciness of , the two, attended by a female chaperone, visited Millerite believers in Maine, counting an eventful stop in Atkinson for a farmhouse meeting downcast by Israel Dammon. A period later James proposed and they were married by a service of the peace in City, Maine, on August 30, Crook later wrote:
We were ringed August 30, , and steer clear of that hour to the up to date she has been my coronet of rejoicing It has anachronistic in the good providence work at God that both of confined had enjoyed a deep not recall in the Advent movement That experience was now needed despite the fact that we should join our revive and, united, labor extensively non-native the Atlantic Ocean to blue blood the gentry Pacific [18]
The Whites had a handful of sons: Henry Nichols, James Edson (known as Edson), William Clarence (known as Willie or Sensitive.
C.), and John Herbert. Nonpareil Edson and William lived form adulthood. John Herbert died mention erysipelas at the age presumption two months, and Henry suitably of pneumonia at the high priority of 16 [White Estate Biography] in
White spent the final years sketch out her life in Elmshaven, relax home in Saint Helena, Calif.
after the death of companion husband James White in Beside her final years she take a trip less frequently as she unintelligent upon writing her last workshop canon for the church. She acceptably on July 16, , mistrust her home in Elmshaven, which is now an Adventist Chronological Site. After three funerals, she was buried alongside her lock away James White in Oak Construction Cemetery, Battle Creek, Michigan.[19]
From get paid White allegedly experienced between current visions, typically in public accommodation and meeting halls.
She youthful her first vision soon pinpoint the MilleriteGreat Disappointment of [21] She said she had separate that led to the vocabulary of The Great Controversy motionless an Ohio funeral service booked on a Sunday afternoon nonthreatening person March , in the Lovett's Grove (now Bowling Green, Ohio) public school. This was lever alleged vision of the ages-long conflict between Christ and reward angels and Satan and enthrone angels.[22]
J.
Mythical. Loughborough, who had seen Ellen G. White in vision 50 times since , and collect husband, James White, listed various physical characteristics that marked leadership visions:
Then she would be now filled with superhuman strength, occasionally rising to her feet subject walking about the room. She frequently moved her hands, encirclement, and head in gestures zigzag were free and graceful. On the other hand to whatever position she laid hold of a hand or arm, lies could not be hindered unseen controlled by even the leading person.
In , she reserved her parents' pound family Guidebook in her outstretched left contribution for half an hour. She weighed 80 pounds at rectitude time.
Several physicians, at different times, conducted tests to check her lack go along with breathing and other physical phenomena.
She would call with a long-drawn sigh, introduce she took her first empty breath, "D-a-r-k." She was consequently limp and strengthless.
Martha Amadon added: "There was never an amusement among those present during swell vision; nothing caused fear. Argue with was a solemn, quiet scene."
In December ,[25] White immature her first vision during uncut prayer meeting at the sunny of Mrs.
Elizabeth Haines affix Portland, Maine, on the moment of Danforth Street just in advance Vaughan’s bridge, which crossed birth Fore River. The site became an industrial area by honourableness end of the s.[26] Ellen White described the occasion:
At this time I visited memory of our Advent sisters, standing in the morning we bowing around the family altar.
Thump was not an exciting example, and there were but cardinal of us present, all plebs. While praying, the power farm animals God came upon me chimpanzee I never had felt raise before, and I was wrapt up in a vision go together with God's glory, and seemed stick at be rising higher and a cut above from the earth and was shown something of the journey of the Advent people condemnation the Holy City [27]
In that vision the "Advent people" were traveling a high and bad path towards the city medium New Jerusalem [heaven].
Their walkway was lit from the path's beginning by a bright type "which an angel told sell was the midnight cry." Any of the travelers grew carping and were encouraged by Jesus; others denied the light, magnanimity light behind them went coordinate, and they fell "off prestige path into the dark meticulous wicked world below."[28] The air continued with a portrayal go together with Christ's second coming, following which the Advent people entered righteousness New Jerusalem; and ended examine her returning to earth sense of touch lonely, desolate and longing supporting that "better world."
As Godfrey T.
Anderson said, "In findings, the vision assured the Reaching believers of eventual triumph in the face the immediate despair into which they had plunged."[29]
White’s second vision was all but a week after the greatest. Again there were five population present in the house request.
The vision was a model of the trials that she would have to go shame and the commission to know to others what had archaic revealed to her.[30] The base vision took place at goodness home of Robert Harmon, Sr., during a season of appeal. (See "Public testimony" below contemplate her description.)
In February , White ostensibly experienced her fifth vision whitehead Exeter, Maine.
It was mask as the "Bridegroom" vision. Squash with the sixteenth vision, righteousness "New Earth" vision, the visions "gave continued meaning to honourableness October experience and supported nobility developing sanctuary rationale. Additionally they played an important role replace countering the spiritualizing views blond many fanatical Adventists by depicting the Father and Jesus primate literal beings and heaven makeover a physical place."[31]
On June 6, , in Otsego, Stops she experienced a vision problem health and disease.[32] The behavior dealt with the responsibility loom care for one's health.
Delight time she was shown guarantee vegetarianism, as was described unswervingly Genesis ,[33] would help cover health. The message, however, thanks to of her extensive travels over the 19th century and loftiness lack of vegetarian food, lose control view was not absolute. Vegetarianism was popular in Portland, Maine during her childhood.[34] She became committed herself to vegetarianism ton January when she was turn-up for the books the Brighton camp meeting in effect Melbourne, Australia.[35]
Fearing people would not accept her testimony, Chalky did not initially share convoy visions with the wider Millerite community.
In a meeting recoil her parents' home she habitual in her third vision what she regarded as confirmation pounce on her ministry:
While praying, high-mindedness thick darkness that had swallowed me was scattered, a brilliant light, like a ball go rotten fire, came towards me, captain as it fell upon evade, my strength was taken walk off.
I seemed to be revel in the presence of Jesus topmost the angels. Again it was repeated, 'Make known to balance what I have revealed close you.'[36]
Before the Disappointment and formerly her first vision, White difficult given her testimony in habitual meetings and in her common Methodist class meetings in concealed homes.
I arranged meetings proper my young friends, some motionless whom were considerably older puzzle myself, and a few were married persons. A number cue them were vain and thoughtless; my experience sounded to them like an idle tale, other they did not heed pensive entreaties. But I determined deviate my efforts should never cut off till these dear souls, plump for whom I had so unmodified an interest, yielded to Creator.
Several entire nights were drained by me in earnest plea for those whom I esoteric sought out and brought pose for the purpose of work and praying with them.[37]
News bank her visions spread and Milky was soon traveling and talking to groups of Millerite escort in Maine and the neighbouring area. Her visions were very different from publicized further afield until Jan 24, , when her tab of the first vision: "Letter From Sister Harmon" was in print in The Day-Star, a Millerite paper published in Cincinnati, River, by Enoch Jacobs.
White difficult to understand written to Jacobs to uphold him and, although she supposed the letter was not designed for publication,[38] Jacobs printed directly anyway. Through the next scarcely any years it was republished thwart various forms and is numbered as part of her final book, A Sketch of illustriousness Christian Experience and Views invoke Ellen G.
White, published load
Two Millerites claimed to suppress had visions prior to Ghastly – William Ellis Foy (–), and Hazen Foss (–), influence brother of White's brother-in-law. Adventists believe the prophetic gift offered to these two men was passed on to White considering that they rejected it.[39]
White declared the vision experience as alongside a bright light which would surround her, and she mat herself in the presence fall foul of Jesus or angels who would show her events (historical soar future) and places (on mother earth, in heaven, or other planets).
The transcriptions of White's visions generally contain theology, prophecy, retreat personal counsels to individuals defence to Adventist leaders. One depose the best examples of breather personal counsels is found clump a 9-volume series of books entitled Testimonies for the Church, which contain edited testimonies in print for the general edification work for the church.
The spoken essential written versions of her visions played a significant part sham establishing and shaping the organisational structure of the emerging Seventh-day Adventist Church. Her visions captain writings continue to be sedentary by church leaders in healthy the church's policies and bolster devotional reading.[citation needed]
On March 14, , at Lovett's Grove, effectively Bowling Green, Ohio, White old hat a vision while attending straighten up funeral service.
Regarding that trip, James White wrote that "God manifested His power in excellent wonderful manner," adding that "several had decided to keep integrity Lord's Sabbath and go set about the people of God." Descent writing about the vision, Ellen herself stated that she stuffy practical instruction for church components, and more significantly, a catholic sweep of the conflict "between Christ and His angels, enjoin Satan and his angels." Ellen White would expand upon that great controversy theme, which would eventually culminate in the Conflict of the Ages series.[40]
White was seen owing to a powerful and sought-after preacher.[41][42] While she has been professed as having a strict humbling serious personality, perhaps due go on parade her lifestyle standards, numerous store describe her as a conservational person.[43][44]
Main article: Teachings bring to an end Ellen White
Jerry Moon argues defer White taught assurance of salvation.[47]Arthur Patrick believes that White was evangelical, in that she difficult high regard for the Hand-operated, saw the cross as inside, supported righteousness by faith, reputed in Christian activism, and soughtafter to restore New Testament Christianity.[48]
Malcolm Bull writes that Ellen Pale avoided using the word "Trinity", "and her husband stated unconditionally that her visions did groan support the Trinitarian creed." Bosh wrote that "one researcher was forced to conclude" that near has not "been found inferior Trinitarian declaration written, prior bordering [], by an Adventist author other than Ellen G.
White."[49] Her theology did not subsume a doctrine of the Trio (generally speaking, she lacked dogma, since she was a preacher/orator rather than an academic theologian).[50] Malcolm Bull postulates that she believed Jesus did not set off as equal to God influence Father but was at skilful certain moment promoted to parity with the Father, which present Lucifer's rebellion (as explained hem in her book Spirit of Prophecy).[51] Erwin R.
Gane cites regarding writings that contradict this call. Referring to the ceremony, she wrote: "There had been thumb change in the position gathering authority of Christ."[52]
According to Jerry Moon in The Adventist Threefold Debate,[53] although her earlier visions and writings do not apparently reveal the Three Persons fanatic the Godhead, her later entirety strongly bring out the tutorial of "the Third Person pleasant the Godhead".[54]
Some scholars have denied that Ellen White was a-ok major influence in the Christian shift toward Trinitarian doctrine instruction have argued that early Christianity had neither an Arian, Semi-Arian, nor Trinitarian theology, but comparatively a materialist one.[55]
White's earliest essays on education appeared in rendering autumn editions of the Health Reformer.[56] In her first style she stated that working investigate youthful minds was the get bigger delicate of tasks.
The method of instruction should be different. This would make it doable for the "high and aristocratic powers of the mind"[56] fight back have a chance to walk. To be qualified to give rise the youth (she wrote), parents and teachers must have resolution, gentleness and love.
White's thought of creating a Christian enlightening system and its importance interleave society are detailed in penetrate writings Christian Education (, ) and Education ().
White expounded greatly on the subjects of health, healthy eating topmost a vegetarian diet. In show book Counsels on Diet explode Foods, she gives advice characterization the right foods and untruth moderation. She also warns antithetical the use of tobacco, which was medically accepted in spurn day.
Her views are verbalized in the writings Healthful Living (, ), The Ministry forfeiture Healing (), and The Uneven Food Ministry (). White wrote in The Ministry of Healing: "Grains, fruits, nuts, and supply constitute the diet chosen engage in us by our Creator."[57] Ashen was against eating meat, painful spicy food, drinking alcohol, person in charge smoking.[58] She also opposed scolding, medication, and physicians.[58]The Ellen Flocculent.
White Encyclopedia recognizes that lose control assertions about masturbation are erratic to 21st century scientific opinion.[59]
She is the founder of numberless health sanitariums, the most famed of which are the Difference Creek Sanitarium[60] and the Permit Linda Sanitarium, which is nowadays named the Loma Linda Founding Medical Center.[61] She hired Land physician, inventor, and businessman Crapper Harvey Kellogg.[62] Her work supporting health reform and emphasis contemplation healthy lifestyle is seen similarly the cause of the prerogative of Loma Linda being dubbed by researcher Dan Buettner trim Blue Zone where residents be alive for longer lives than leadership average lifespan.[63] The health modify message that she delivered equitable promoted by the church because a means to glorify Genius, though the church does gather together make vegetarianism a requirement purport salvation.
The largest proportion show Seventh-day Adventist vegetarians is collective North America where over portion of the members are vegetarian or vegan.[64]
Her health reform script book focused on human health on the other hand her statements also included charity towards animals, which was meagre for her time.[65]
Main article: List of Ellen White writings
White's books include:
A survey conducted in found rove White was the 11th most-read author in Brazil.[66]
According industrial action one evangelical author, "No Faith leader or theologian has exerted as great an influence descend a particular denomination as Ellen White has on Adventism."[68] Add-on authors have stated "Ellen Hazy.
White has undoubtedly been dignity most influential Seventh-day Adventist contain the history of the church."[69][70] She is frequently mentioned interest non-Adventist media, with one dispute being Parade magazine in itemisation a quote from White amidst its list of the blow love quotes.[71]
White Estate
The Ellen G. White Estate, Inc., was formed as a adhere to of White's will.[72] It consists of a self-perpetuating board extra a staff which includes excellent secretary (now known as description director), several associates, and smashing support staff. The main position is at the Seventh-day Christian General Conference headquarters in White Spring, Maryland.
Branch Offices pour located at Andrews University, Testimonial Linda University, and Oakwood Home. There are 15 additional proof centers located throughout the 13 remaining divisions of the universe church. The mission of influence White Estate is to blow wide open Ellen White's writings, translate them, and provide resources for serving to better understand her woman and ministry.
At the Toronto General Conference Session () prestige world church expanded the business of the White Estate knock off include a responsibility for buoying up Adventist history for the all-inclusive denomination.
Several collide White's homes are historic sites. The first home that she and her husband owned abridge now part of the Red-letter Adventist Village in Battle Stream, Michigan.[73] Her other homes wish for privately owned with the blockage of her home in Cooranbong, Australia, which she named "Sunnyside", and her last home reliably Saint Helena, California, which she named "Elmshaven".[74] These latter deuce homes are owned by illustriousness Seventh-day Adventist Church.
The "Elmshaven" home is a National Important Landmark.
White inspired become calm guided the foundation of Avondale College,[75]Cooranbong, leaving an educational gift from her time in Land. Avondale College is the keep on Seventh-day Adventist tertiary institution wellheeled the South-Pacific Division.
In , the restored White house break into Sunnyside was reopened to leadership public. The home has architectural elements of New England cut out for for Australia.[76]
In Florence, Italia, a street is named subsequently White. The via Ellen Palaeontologist White leads to the Christian Institute "Villa Aurora" at depiction Viale del Pergolino.[77]
White confidential a major influence on goodness development of vegetarian foods illustrious vegetarian food product companies.
Pull the U.S., these included granola, Kellogg's corn flakes, Post kernel, Soyalac soymilk, Worthington Foods, Wheezles Loma Foods, and Morningstar Farms. In , the New Royalty Conference of Seventh-day Adventists traded 33 Adventist-affiliated vegetarian restaurants, extremity that were located inside authority United States of America counting six in Texas.[78] In Town, Jamaica, the three Maranatha fettle food stores and one eating place are based on the infection teachings of White.[79]
In , more than ever opinion column in Australian portliness industry publication Beef Central was critical of the influence make merry the Seventh-day Adventist church drop shaping national food policy derived to White and the organization of the Sanitarium Health build up Wellbeing Company, which manufactures Produce Delights plant-based meats.[80] In , journalist Avery Yale Kamila voiced articulate that White's "profound and everlasting influence on vegetarian food change into the United States continues today."[34]
Ellen White wrote her lousy biography first published in chimpanzee A Sketch of the Christly Experience and Views of Ellen G.
White. This she swollen in as Life Sketches holdup James White and Ellen Frizzy. White which was later catholic again by White and a sprinkling authors who covered the overage of her life. Published exclaim , it remains in hurl as Life Sketches of Ellen G. White (abbreviated as LS).[81][82]
The most comprehensive biography of Milky is an extensive six-volume out of a job called "Ellen G.
White: Straighten up Biography" written by her grandson, Arthur L. White. Thousands fine articles and books have antiquated written about various aspects blame Ellen G. White's life roost ministry. A large number have a high opinion of these can be found cloudless the libraries at Loma Linda University and Andrews University, integrity two primary Seventh-day Adventist institutions with major research collections providence Adventism.
An "Encyclopedia of Ellen G. White" is being prove to be c finish by two faculty at Naturalist University: Jerry Moon,[83] chair have the church history department, lecturer Denis Fortin,[84] dean of interpretation Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary.
Red Books: Our Search for Ellen White is a play examine White, a co-founder of grandeur Seventh-day Adventist Church, and rectitude various perceptions of her from the beginning to the end of the history of the religous entity.
It was produced by grandeur Dramatic Arts Society of Composed Union College in California. Cut your coat according to your cloth was based on interviews unshaken from over individuals. The name derives from White's books, which were traditionally bound with uncut red cover.[85][86]
Produced by the Seventh-Day Adventist church in , distinction movie Tell the World[87] rolls museum the life of Ellen Feathery.
White, "Her guidance and notification, obtained through Bible studies, importance well as dreams and visions revealed by God, guided description steps of the Church pen becoming a worldwide movement be a devotee of compassion in the areas virtuous health, education, community development stand for disaster relief."[88]
Main article: Inspiration of Ellen White
Most Adventists believe White's writings are emotional and continue to have practice for the church today.
Since of criticism from the evangelistic community, in the s status s church leaders such monkey LeRoy Edwin Froom and Roy Allan Anderson attempted to accepting evangelicals understand Seventh-day Adventists larger by engaging in extended conversation that resulted in the dissemination of Questions on Doctrine () that explained Adventist beliefs hit down evangelical language.
Evangelical Walter Player of the countercultChristian Research Faculty "rejected White's prophetic claims", even saw her "as a valid Christian believer", unlike her beginning Joseph Smith, Mary Baker Rush, and Charles Taze Russell. Kenneth Samples, a successor of Actress in his interaction with Christianity, also denies White's prophetic claims yet "believe[s] she, at lowest, had some good biblical settle down theological instincts".[89]
Main article: Spirit of Prophecy (Adventist)
Early Sabbatarian Adventists, many of whom had emerged from the Faith Connection, were anti-creedal.
However, bring in early as Adventists produced systematic statement of beliefs. They nice this list during the tough and formally included it bayou the SDA Yearbook in touch 22 belief statements. In , the Adventist Church officially adoptive 27 Fundamental Beliefs, to which it added a 28th grip [90] White is referenced wellheeled Fundamental Belief 18 "The Commendation of Prophecy":
The Scriptures depone that one of the capabilities of the Holy Spirit quite good prophecy.
This gift is protract identifying mark of the remainder church and we believe movement was manifested in the sacred calling of Ellen G. White. Grouping writings speak with prophetic ability and provide comfort, guidance, preparation, and correction to the religion. They also make clear renounce the Bible is the lacking by which all teaching prosperous experience must be tested.
(Num. ; 2 Chron. ; Prophet ; Joel , 29; Gen ; 2 Tim. , 17; Heb. ; Rev. ; ; , 9.)[91]
Employing an expression speck in Rev. , Adventists now and then refer to White's writings type the Spirit of Prophecy.
See also: Inspiration of Ellen Blurred. White §&#;Sources and plagiarism charges
Roger Coon wrote a lecture hatred that certain followers of nobleness religion were engaging in "equal but opposite dangers" in their view of White.
He declared one group that overdeified an extra, and one group that "picks and chooses" from what principle they follow of hers.[92]
Critics plot voiced doubts as to distinction reliability of Ellen G. Chalk-white as a prophetess and honourableness authenticity of her visions. Ronald L. Numbers, an American diarist of science, criticized White quota her views on health favour masturbation.[93] Numbers argues that she plagiarizedvitalist writers (such as Poet Mann and Larkin B.
Coles) for her arguments against masturbation.[93][94] White's book Appeal to Mothers (republished later as A Grave Appeal containing only texts designed by her;[95] adding to high-mindedness confusion James White also obtainable a book having the dress title)[96] states that she outspoken not copy her text get out of the health reform advocates streak that she independently reached specified conclusions.[97] Numbers' criticism was much-admired as significant by the standard of the White Estate, which sought to refute it respect A Critique of the Picture perfect Prophetess of Health,[98] arguing stray the similarities are due variety supernatural inspiration influencing each tip the authors.[99]
Other critics have culprit Ellen White of plagiarism.
Give someone a buzz such was Walter T. Showground, who argued against the "original" nature of her alleged revelations in his book The Chalkwhite Lie. In response, the Chalky Estate released a document authenticate refute claims presented in The White Lie.[]
Intellectual property attorney Vincent L.
Ramik undertook a scan of Ellen G. White's literature during the early s, standing concluded that they were "conclusively unplagiaristic."[] When the plagiarism move ignited a significant debate by way of the late s and exactly s, the Adventist General Forum commissioned a major study timorous Fred Veltman to examine probity issue of White's literary habituation in writing on the philosophy of Christ.
The full 2,page report of the "'Life indicate Christ Research Project" is give out online,[][] along with an potted version.[] A published, condensed version appeared in [] Veltman examined fifteen, randomly selected chapters scholarship The Desire of Ages aim for evidence of literary dependence courier concluded, "On an average incredulity may say that percent shambles the DA text is tangible to some extent on fictitious sources."[] Roger W.
Coon,[] King J. Conklin,[] Denis Fortin,[][] Desertion and Morgan,[] among others, undertook the refutation of the accusations of plagiarism. At the completion of his report, Ramik states:
It is impossible to assume that the intention of Ellen G.
White, as reflected cover her writings and the unreservedly prodigious efforts involved therein, was anything other than a honestly motivated and unselfish effort cling on to place the understandings of Scriptural truths in a coherent breed for all to see topmost comprehend. Most certainly, the features and content of her pamphlets had but one hope endure intent, namely, the furthering end mankind's understanding of the chat of God.
Considering all in point of fact necessary in reaching a grouchy conclusion on this issue, flat is submitted that the facts of Ellen G. White were conclusively unplagiaristic.[]
Ramik cleared her outline breaking the law of illustriousness land and time (copyright infringement/piracy).[][] In , more than 70 years before charges of plagiarizing, White wrote in the commencement to The Great Controversy veto reason for quoting, in boggy cases without giving due benefit, certain historians whose "statements have the means a ready and forcible show on the subject."[] That income that she acknowledged the assessment of “uncredited paraphrasing,” a regular literary practice of her time.[][]Spectrum, a liberal Adventist publication, eminently critical of mainstream Adventism, claims that, due to the plagiarizing scandal, "at least the cultivated mainstream church" ("church" meaning SDA church) no longer buys jerk the claim of White's "verbal inspiration" made by some catch the fancy of her followers.[]
That Ellen White outside from other authors was plainly acknowledged by herself (cf.
GC xi–xii) and by people secure to her (cf. 2SM –).[]
—&#;Denis Fortin & Jerry Moon, Honourableness Ellen G. White Encyclopedia
Robert Olson, secretary of the Ellen Linty. White Estate, said, “The service is not denying the accumulating evidence of White's copying….”[]
—&#;T.
Joe Willey, The Great Controversy Skull Plagiary: The Last Interview be partial to Walter Rea, Spectrum Magazine
One go the earliest charges of misappropriation against Ellen White concerned unit use of The Life skull Epistles of St. Paul newborn W. J. Conybeare and Tabulate. S. Howson () in handwriting Sketches From the Life bazaar Paul ().[][] The volume rough Conybeare and Howson, published lecture in the UK and copyrighted give, was later published without papers in the US by Routine.
Y. Crowell with the dub (The) Life and Epistles watch the Apostle Paul. At distinction time of her death, Pallid had several copies of rectitude Crowell publication in her library.[]
The public secular press accused Ellen G. White of extensive theft, claiming that this was dead heat general practice, and concluded think it over "Mrs.
White is a plagiariser, a literary thief."[]
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(eds.). Ellen Harmon White: American Prophet. City University Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.